Jules Verne’s Mysterious Island (1874) is one of those strange Victorian fantasies, where all of the secrets of the universe are waiting to be explained away by positive 19th century rationalism and every problem can be solved by a heroic engineer. In many ways the story can be a bit maddening for a 21st century reader but at the same time it is remarkably soothing. The maddening part comes frequently, when Verne’s epitome of reason, heroic engineer Captain Cyrus Harding, makes some grave, not-to-be-denied pronouncement that we all now know to be purest bushwa. The soothing part comes at the same time, when we long for a universe with rational explanations and immutable laws.
The action of the story begins in 1865 in Richmond, Virginia, where Cyrus Harding, a Union captain; Harding’s ward, Herbert; newsman Gideon Spilett; sailor Pencroft; and Harding’s black servant, Neb (short for Nebuchadnezzar); and Harding’s dog, Top escape from Confederate captivity by stealing an observation balloon. They have picked a bad moment for lighter-than-air travel since the largest storm ever to hit North America flings them 7,000 miles away into the south Pacific. Although things look bad for our heroes when the balloon begins to lose altitude very rapidly, they providentially hit the sea within sight of the eponymous mysterious island.
What follows is a typical desert island tale that rather shamelessly rips off every single theme and much of hte plot of Robinson Crusoe. Remember Crusoe’s fear of being devoured by ravenous beasts? That’s here. How about his cave fortress? That’s here, too, only it’s much, much larger and more grand. Then there’s Crusoe’s careful husbanding of the few grains of wheat so he can have bread. Harding and company start with a mere one grain, but Verne wows us with the calculations to show the mathematical progression from one grain to 4,000 bushels. Crusoe took something like 30 years to establish his domain completely. Here, the colonists, as Verne insists on calling them, do it all in four.
Harding really is the sort of guy you want with you on a desert island. Before they really have any other tools, he somehow manages to manufacture nitroglycerin so they can blow some thing up to make their cavern dwelling. By the time their island idyll collapses, he has managed to make a ship, a substitute for gunpowder, a windmill, a telegraph, a hydraulically operated elevator, glass, and more. Here, too, the generational schism provides some angst. For the Victorian reader, Harding’s abilities no doubt look heroic, but to the modern reader, it begins to look rapacious. Just how much of the island is he going to destroy in the name of industrial efficiency?
While all of this is going on, Verne adds a completely unnecessary deus ex machina that pops up periodically whenever things get really tough. Because Harding is so completely competent, the introduction of a mysterious benefactor who leaves things like tools and medicine lying around for the colonists to pick up feels superfluous. Nevertheless, experienced Verne readers wait for Captain Nemo to make his appearance, and he does not disappoint.
The strangest part of the novel is its ending. After Harding and the other colonists have managed to create in only four years a completely “civilized” and efficient industrial society, Verne does not let them earn their reward. Instead of letting them return to America and then bring more colonists back to the island, he blows the island up in spectacular fashion. The colonists are saved by yet another deus ex machina, a passing ship that just happens to be in the area. Despite the power of the huge intellect, despite the industrial know-how, despite the American determination, the colonists end up at the mercy of outside forces. Verne seems to be reversing himself here: The industrial fantasy becomes as hollow as the island itself turns out to be and science and engineering in the end do not save the day.
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